Hausman Test: Null Hypothesis, Interpretation and Stata Steps
Hausman test explained: null hypothesis, chi-square statistic, p-value interpretation, Stata steps (hausman fe re) and fixes for negative results.
Academic analysis guides
Practical writing on thesis and journal statistics, prepared with peer-review rigour.
KPSS Test for Stationarity: KPSS vs ADF and EViews Steps
The KPSS test explained: stationarity null, level vs trend, bandwidth choice, KPSS vs ADF decision table, EViews and Stata steps and APA reporting.
MAXQDA Intercoder Reliability: Agreement, Kappa and Reporting
MAXQDA intercoder reliability step by step: set up an intercoder agreement check, read percentage agreement and kappa, resolve disagreements, report it.
McDonald's Omega in SPSS: How to Calculate It and Omega vs Alpha
McDonald's omega SPSS guide: the ω formula, a worked example, menu and macro routes, omega vs Cronbach's alpha, thresholds and APA reporting.
Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies: MOOSE, Bias and Pooling
How to run a meta-analysis of observational studies: MOOSE and PRISMA 2020 reporting, adjusted odds ratios, NOS/ROBINS-I appraisal, random-effects pooling.
Mixed Methods Research Software: A MAXQDA Workflow That Integrates
Mixed methods research software guide: which steps run in SPSS or Stata, which in MAXQDA, and how to link cases, quantitize codes and build joint displays.
What Is a Likert Scale? A Practical Design Guide for Researchers
What is a Likert scale and how do you design one? Scale versus Likert-type item, 5- vs 7-point formats, anchor wording, reverse items and scoring.
Thesis Data Analysis in SPSS: A Step-by-Step Guide
How to run thesis data analysis in SPSS step by step: data entry and cleaning, normality checks, choosing the right test, and APA 7 reporting.
Which Statistical Test Should I Use? A Decision Guide
Not sure which statistical test to use? A decision guide that matches your research question, variable types and distribution to the correct test.
What Is Meta-Analysis? A PRISMA-Compliant Review Guide
What is meta-analysis and how is it done? PRISMA 2020 flow, pooling effect sizes, heterogeneity (I²) and publication bias in one practical guide.
How to Report Statistics in APA 7: A Practical Checklist
A practical APA 7 checklist for reporting t-tests, ANOVA, correlation and regression — worked examples, effect sizes and table rules.
Panel Data Analysis: Fixed or Random Effects? (The Hausman Test)
Fixed or random effects in panel data analysis? The Hausman test decision rule, within and GLS estimators, key diagnostics and robust standard errors.
Stationarity and Unit Root Tests in Time Series (ADF, PP, KPSS)
A practical unit root test guide: ADF, PP and KPSS hypotheses, lag selection, deterministic terms, spurious regression and a joint decision strategy.
Cointegration and Causality: Johansen, VECM and Granger Explained
A practical guide to cointegration analysis: Johansen trace and max-eigenvalue tests, VECM specification, error-correction terms and Granger causality.
The ARDL Bounds Test: When and How to Use It
When and how to use the ARDL bounds test: F-statistic decision rules, error-correction terms, long-run coefficients and CUSUM stability diagnostics.
Volatility Modelling with GARCH: A Guide for Finance Theses
How to fit a GARCH model: ARCH-LM testing, GARCH(1,1), persistence (α+β), EGARCH and GJR extensions, Student-t errors and volatility forecasting.
Sample Size and Power Analysis with G*Power
Sample size calculation made practical: a-priori power analysis in G*Power, effect size choice, required N for t-tests, ANOVA and regression, reporting.
Scale Development: EFA and CFA Step by Step
Scale development from item pool to CFA: KMO and Bartlett, parallel analysis, rotation choice, item retention rules, fit indices, AVE and CR.
Structural Equation Modelling: AMOS or SmartPLS? Fit Indices
Structural equation modelling with AMOS or SmartPLS? CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM, sample size rules, fit index thresholds and reporting standards explained.
Mediation and Moderation with the PROCESS Macro
Mediation analysis and moderation with the PROCESS macro: bootstrap confidence intervals, Models 1 and 4, moderated mediation and reporting templates.
Reliability: Cronbach's Alpha or McDonald's Omega?
What does Cronbach's alpha assume, and when does it mislead? Why McDonald's omega is the modern default, with thresholds, software and reporting advice.
Handling Missing Data: Deletion, EM and Multiple Imputation
A practical missing data analysis guide: MCAR, MAR and MNAR mechanisms, Little's test, why deletion fails, EM, multiple imputation and reporting rules.
Logistic Regression: Interpreting and Reporting Odds Ratios
How to interpret odds ratios in logistic regression: odds vs probability, confidence intervals, model fit, ROC/AUC and an APA reporting template.
Qualitative Analysis: Thematic Analysis with NVivo/MAXQDA
How to run a thematic analysis: the six-phase process, codebooks, Cohen's kappa, saturation, trustworthiness criteria and NVivo vs MAXQDA in one guide.
How to Analyse Likert Data: Common Mistakes
Practical likert scale analysis guide: the item-versus-scale distinction, when parametric tests are defensible, the 0.80 band formula, common mistakes.
Effect Sizes Explained: Interpreting Cohen's d, η² and r
How to interpret each effect size: Cohen's d, Hedges' g, η², ω² and r, with benchmark thresholds, confidence intervals and a test-by-test map.
Writing the Reviewer Response: Handling Statistical Revisions
How to write a reviewer response letter for statistical revisions: point-by-point format, three response strategies and handling common requests.
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